Russia spans eleven time zones, making it the largest country in the world by land area. Its diverse landscapes range from the Arctic tundra to vast forests and mountain ranges. This infographic highlights key facts about Russia's geography, culture, economy, and history.
Russia: Key Facts & Figures
| Official Name | Russian Federation |
| Capital | Moscow |
| Population | Approximately 146 million (2024) |
| Area | 17.1 million square kilometers (largest country by area) |
| Official Language | Russian |
Geography: Largest Country on Earth
Russia is the largest country on Earth, spanning across Eastern Europe and northern Asia. Its vast geography encompasses diverse landscapes, from tundra to forests and mountain ranges.
- Total Area - Russia covers approximately 17.1 million square kilometers, making it nearly twice the size of the second-largest country, Canada.
- Time Zones - The country spans 11 time zones, reflecting its immense east-west distance.
- Natural Borders - Russia is bordered by 14 countries and has coastlines along the Arctic and Pacific Oceans.
The country's geographic size influences its climate variability and rich natural resources.
Population & Major Cities
What is the population of Russia and where are its major cities located?
Russia has a population of approximately 146 million people, making it one of the most populous countries in the world. Major cities like Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, and Nizhny Novgorod serve as key cultural and economic centers across the country.
| City | Population (millions) |
|---|---|
| Moscow | 12.5 |
| Saint Petersburg | 5.4 |
| Novosibirsk | 1.6 |
| Yekaterinburg | 1.5 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 1.3 |
Russian Language & Ethnic Diversity
Russia is home to over 140 million people, with the Russian language serving as the official and most widely spoken language. It uses the Cyrillic alphabet and is one of the six official languages of the United Nations.
The country consists of more than 190 ethnic groups, including Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvash, and Chechens. Each group contributes to Russia's rich cultural mosaic through unique languages, traditions, and customs. Ethnic diversity is protected by the Russian Constitution, which guarantees cultural rights and preserves minority languages.
Economic Power: Resources & Industries
Russia ranks among the world's economic powerhouses due to its vast natural resources and diverse industrial base. The country's economy is heavily driven by energy exports and heavy industries, sustaining its global economic influence.
- Energy Resources - Russia is the largest natural gas exporter worldwide and holds the world's eighth-largest proven oil reserves.
- Mining Industry - Rich in minerals, Russia leads in the production of nickel, palladium, and diamonds, among other key materials.
- Manufacturing Sector - The country has a strong industrial base producing machinery, aerospace equipment, and military hardware.
Historical Milestones & Timeline
Russia's rich history spans over a millennium, beginning with the establishment of the Kievan Rus in the 9th century, which laid the foundation for modern Russian culture and statehood. The expansion under the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire transformed it into one of the largest empires in history, influencing vast territories across Europe and Asia. Major milestones include the 1917 Russian Revolution, the formation of the Soviet Union, and its dissolution in 1991, which marked the emergence of the Russian Federation as a key global player.
| Year | Event |
| 862 | Foundation of Kievan Rus |
| 1547 | Ivan IV crowned first Tsar of Russia |
| 1917 | Russian Revolution begins |
| 1922 | Formation of the Soviet Union |
| 1991 | Dissolution of the Soviet Union |
Iconic Landmarks & Natural Wonders
Russia boasts a rich blend of iconic landmarks and breathtaking natural wonders that captivate millions each year. Its vast landscapes showcase historical architecture alongside pristine, untamed environments.
- Red Square - Located in Moscow, it is the heart of Russia's historical and political heritage, featuring the colorful St. Basil's Cathedral.
- Kremlin - A fortified complex in Moscow serving as the official residence of the President of Russia and symbolizing Russian sovereignty.
- Lake Baikal - The world's deepest and oldest freshwater lake, renowned for its crystal-clear water and unique biodiversity.
- Mount Elbrus - The highest peak in Europe, part of the Caucasus Mountains, popular among climbers and adventure seekers.
- Kamchatka Peninsula - Known for its active volcanoes and diverse wildlife, it offers some of the most stunning volcanic landscapes in the world.
Russian Culture: Art, Literature, & Tradition
Russia boasts a rich cultural heritage shaped by centuries of artistic and literary achievements. Iconic painters like Kandinsky and Repin have profoundly influenced global art movements.
Russian literature features towering figures such as Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, and Pushkin, whose works explore deep philosophical and social themes. Traditional customs, including folk music, dance, and festivals, remain integral to Russian identity and community life.
Political Structure & World Influence
Russia operates as a federal semi-presidential republic, with a president serving as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government. The political structure consists of a bicameral legislature, including the Federation Council and the State Duma, responsible for lawmaking. Russia's global influence is significant, marked by its permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council and its strategic role in energy exports and military capabilities.